Base mainnet has activated the Azul upgrade, achieving a peak throughput of 5000TPS

Coinbase-incubated Ethereum Layer 2 network Base announced that it has activated the Azul upgrade on its mainnet, marking its first independent network upgrade since departing from the Optimism Superchain. Azul introduces a multi-proof system combining TEE (Trusted Execution Environment) and ZK (Zero-Knowledge). Either proof can independently finalize state confirmation. When both proofs are consistent, withdrawal finality can be reduced to approximately 1 day. In case of conflict, the permissionless ZK proof overrides the TEE proof, enhancing censorship resistance and decentralization. The upgrade also unifies the execution client to base-reth-node and introduces a base-consensus client based on OP Kona. This reduces the daily number of empty blocks from approximately 200 to about 2 and supports 5,000 transactions per second in stress tests.