Glassnode: Nearly $500 billion in Bitcoin faces the risk of future quantum computing attacks

According to Decrypt, research released by Glassnode shows that nearly one-third of circulating Bitcoin has exposed public keys, theoretically making them vulnerable to future quantum computer attacks. Specifically, approximately 6.04 million Bitcoins, valued at over $469 billion, are at quantum risk. Of these, about 1.92 million are structurally exposed, stemming from script formats like early "pay-to-public-key" addresses, multisignature structures, and Taproot outputs that expose public keys by default. Approximately 4.12 million are operationally exposed due to address reuse. Among the operationally exposed Bitcoins, about 1.66 million are related to exchanges, accounting for 8.3% of the total supply and about 40% of all operationally exposed Bitcoins. Looking at holdings across major exchanges, only 5% of Coinbase's Bitcoin is exposed to quantum risk, while Binance and Bitfinex have exposure rates as high as 85% and 100%, respectively. Glassnode stated that these findings should not be interpreted as a risk ranking or solvency signal for specific companies.